Flashcards

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• Figure 1b The airways
• Figure 1c Bohr equation for measuring dead space
• Figure 2a The sternum and ribs and their relationship to the lungs and pleural cavities
• Figure 2b Inferior aspect of a rib
• Figure 2c An intercostal space
• Figure 3e
• Figure 5a The alveolar-capillary membrane
• Figure 5d The oxygen cascade: oxygen tension from ambient air to mitochondria
• Figure 6a Static pressure-volume loop
• Figure 6c Surface tension
• Figure 7b Main factors influencing bronchomotor tone
• Figure 8b The oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve, haemoglobin concentration (150 g/L)
• Figure 9a Carriage of CO₂ at rest
• Figure 9b CO₂ dissociation curve
• Figure 9d CO₂ uptake and O₂ delivery in the tissues - role of red cells
• Figure 10d Buffer (titration) curve: Effect of addition of acid or alkali on pH of a bicarbonate buffered solution
• Figure 11b Davenport diagram
• Figure 13 Neural pathways
• Figure 14b The initial effects of a 20% right-to-left shunt on arterial O₂ and CO₂ contents and partial pressures
• Figure 15c The effect of a mixture of high and low V_A/Q regions on arterial blood gases
• Figure 15d Alveolar air equation
• Figure 16a Typical changes in ventilation V, arterial PO₂ (P_ao₂), arterial Pco₂ (P_aco₂), arterial pH (pHa), mixed venous Po₂ (P_vo₂) and mixed venous Pco₂ (P_vco₂) in a fit young man as oxygen consumption is increased from its resting value of 0.25 L/min to his maximum oxygen consumption of 4 L/min.
• Table 1 Typical values in a healthy but sedentary 20-year-old man at rest and in max. exercise
• Figure 17c Fetal circulation
• Figure 19b Ciliated columnar epithelium
• Figure 19c Alveoli and squamous epithelium
• Figure 22a Volume-time spirograms during forced expiration from total lung capacity
• Figure 23b-c
• Figure 25a Causes of respiratory failure
• Figure 26a Cartoon of airway wall
• Figure 26c Main causes of asthma
• Figure 28b Pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema
• Figure 29b Pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension by group
• Figure 33a Causes of lung granuloma
• Figure 35b Typical causes of allergic alveolitis
• Figure 36b Development of respiratory problems in CF
• Figure 39a (i) CXR; (ii) CT scan from a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) showing consolidation, cavitation and abscess formation
• Figure 40a Primary complex
• Figure 40c Pulmonary complications
• Figure 44c Airway pressure profiles in different types of ventilation