| 1. Match the following molecular defect with the relevant statement (the statements are themselves correct when properly matched |
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| 1. |
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (inappropriate excess water excretion and dehydration) |
| 2. |
Gitelman's syndrome (similar features to excess administration of a thiazide diuretic) |
| 3. |
Pseudohypoaldosteronism (a condition mimicking aldosterone deficiency and so having excess sodium loss and excess potassium retention but with high aldosterone levels) |
| 4. |
Barrter's syndrome (sodium, potassium and water loss and dehydration) |
| 5. |
Liddle's syndrome (sodium retention and potassium loss with volume expansion and hypertension) |
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| a. |
mutations in the NaK2Cl transporter in the loop of Henle |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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| b. |
mutations which activate the ENaC epithelial sodium channel in the collecting duct |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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| c. |
mutations in the aquaporins |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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| d. |
mutations in the sodium chloride co transporter of the distal tubule |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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| e. |
mutations which inactivate the ENaC epithelial sodium channel in the collecting duct |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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